Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death, disability, and mental health disorders. In basic research on TBI and the development of novel therapies, animal models serve as essential tools capable of effectively simulating brain injuries of varying types and severity. This systematic review comprehensively summarizes current progress in TBI animal model research worldwide. It provides detailed discussions on TBI pathogenesis, model classification, and model animals. Focusing on TBI model categorization, it thoroughly analyzes the principles, advantages, and limitations of each model type. Integrating the latest research findings, it explores their applications in elucidating pathological mechanisms, drug screening, and translational medicine. This review aims to provide TBI researchers with guidance for model selection, promote model standardization and optimization, and advance the integrated development of basic and clinical TBI research.

Key words: traumatic brain injury, pathogenesis, animal model, model animal, review

摘要： 创伤性脑损伤(TBI)是导致死亡、残疾和精神健康障碍的主要原因。在TBI的基础研究和新疗法开发中,动 物模型作为重要工具,能有效模拟不同类型和严重程度的脑损伤。本文系统综述了国内外现有TBI动物模型研究 方面的进展,分别从TBI的发病机制、模型分类及模式动物三个方面进行了详细阐述。重点围绕TBI的模型分类, 深入分析各类模型的构建原理、优势与局限性,并结合最新研究成果,探讨其在病理机制解析、药物筛选及转化医 学中的应用。本文旨在为TBI研究者的模型选择提供参考,促进模型的标准化和优化,推动TBI基础与临床研究 的融合发展。

关键词: 创伤性脑损伤, 发病机制, 动物模型, 模式动物, 综述